Traveling back to the United States from overseas is becoming more uncertain, even for individuals who hold valid green cards or visas.

In recent weeks, lawful permanent residents, international visitors, and visa holders have encountered heightened inspections at airports and border checkpoints. This shift reflects a broader effort by the Trump administration to tighten immigration controls, affecting both legal and undocumented arrivals.

With spring break and summer travel season approaching, increasing reports of green card and visa holders being stopped or detained are raising fresh concerns among travelers.

Earlier this month, Brown University advised its international students and faculty to delay any overseas travel, citing a need for extra caution. At the same time, several countries — including Canada, Germany, Ireland, and Denmark — have revised their travel advisories for the United States. These updates warn citizens to closely follow U.S. entry requirements to avoid potential detention or complications at the border.

Immigration lawyers told NPR that the level of risk when traveling abroad varies from person to person, making it essential for travelers to fully understand their legal status and rights before heading out of the country.

Here’s what travelers should keep in mind.

Know your legal protections based on your immigration status
According to Stephanie Gee, senior director of U.S. legal services at the International Refugee Assistance Project, travelers to the U.S. generally fall into three categories.

U.S. citizens are always permitted to re-enter the country. Green card holders, on the other hand, have legal protections that require an immigration judge to strip them of their status. This means both U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents are not required to answer questions from Customs and Border Protection officers or consent to having their digital devices searched — although refusing to comply could cause entry delays.

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